How Does Shakespeare Present the Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet

Sexual love is used in this play as comic relief between the serious parts, as an ice-breaker and to keep the audience entertained. Shakespeare included sexual love in this play because at the time, the audience for whom he’d be performing wouldn’t be very educated and including this would grab their attention straight away Sexual love is the first type of love displayed in this play. You meet two Capulet servants, Sampson and Gregory in the first scene. They are talking about women as sexual objects and nothing more. Sampson is talking about how he will ‘be cruel with the maids’ once he has taken care of the men, and how he ‘will cut off’ their ‘maidenheads’. He is talking about raping the wives of the men he has killed, referring to their virginities as their heads. He is also very generous about himself, suggesting that his penis is â€Å"a pretty piece of flesh’ and that women will be able to feel him while he is ‘able to stand’, meaning that he’s having an erection against the women. This is very sexual because to feel a man’s erection, you have to be very close to him and he has to be practically grinding against you, and be turned on by you. While they only see women as objects of lust, sexual love is not only relatable to men; women can be just as sexually-minded. In this play, Shakespeare does have a lot of sexual-orientated characters but one of the most amusing ones is possibly Juliet’s nurse. She finds a way to make everything she says sound suggestive when most people wouldn’t be able to. She may get it from her late husband, who was just as inappropriate as her, telling a three year old that she ‘will fall backwards when thou hast more wit’ which basically translates to him telling her that when she gets older she’ll know to lie backwards so a man can lie on top of her, which is completely senseless to say to a child. On the other hand, it is more likely Nurse was just always like that. Nurse seems to think that the only important thing to consider in a marriage is sex, saying that Juliet should ‘seek happy nights to happy days’ as if a good sex life is the key to having a happy marriage. She also has the skill to twist things that seem perfectly innocent into a sexual innuendo. Nurse also says that ‘women grow by men’ which is a double entendre of that women grow in status when they marry the right men, but Nurse is saying that they also grow pregnant and sex is a very important factor in a good and healthy marriage. Romeo and Mercutio also have the tendency to be sexually minded. Mercutio refers to Rosaline, the girl Romeo thinks he’s in love with as ‘medlar’, a rude way to refer to a woman’s or a man’s sexual anatomy and he also talks about Romeo as if he was ‘a poperin pear’ which is a pear shaped like a penis. Mercutio is very crude and sexual throughout this entire speech. Romeo, while you don’t see him being sexually orientated throughout the book, does have his moments away from the spiritual plains of love. He sneaks out to meet Juliet and is hoping that ‘her vestal livery is but sick and green’ and that she should ‘cast it off’ because ‘none but fools do wear it’. By saying this, he’s implying that he hopes she will not remain a virgin because he wants to marry her and have sex with her. While this isn’t quite as bad as the long speeches that Nurse and Mercutio make, it is still slightly sexual which shows that even people as spiritually inclined as Romeo can be orientated this way. Surprisingly, Juliet also has her moments even though she is very young. When Juliet is about to leave Romeo, Romeo inquires whether she will really leave him ‘so unsatisfied’. Not realising that he’s merely talking about keeping her forever through the gift of marriage, and thinking he’s asking her if she’ll really leave him without having sex, she immediately asks ‘what satisfaction canst thou have tonight’. She immediately jumps to the conclusion that he was asking for sex before even considering the other options. Shakespeare includes this because it shows that anyone can have sexual thoughts about another, even someone like Juliet who appears to be so innocent and young. Sexual love, while present throughout the play is not the only love explored by Shakespeare in ‘Romeo and Juliet’. Courtly love is also present, but only in the beginning of the play. At the time ‘Romeo and Juliet’ was set, courtly love was very popular and many poets were using it, thus including it in the play was making the play very fashionable for its time. Romeo is the character that feels courtly love for Rosaline, meaning that his love for her in unrequited but he seems to love her anyway. The first time you meet Romeo he is pining over Rosaline because ‘she’ll not be hit with cupid’s arrow’ and won’t return his feelings for her. He is acting very pathetic and spewing out long speeches full of oxymorons and rhyming couplets, making it very obvious that he’s practiced what he’s going to say because people don’t go around just talking in rhyming couplets and oxymorons. His long speeches have a rather pathetic ending. He has put together very fashionable, lengthy spiels full of oxymorons about ‘loving hate’ and ‘heavy lightness’. When Benvolio finally comprehends and asks him ‘who is that’ Romeo loves, Romeo quite pathetically admits that he does ‘love a woman’. This declaration is a rather meager way to sum up all he’s spent hours preparing while privately ‘in his chamber’ and wandering around in the woods ‘many a morning’. Throughout most of his speeches he isn’t giving a proper answer to any of Benvolio’s questions. He keeps giving Benvolio very vague responses in an attempt to make Benvolio question more. Romeo is coercing people to worry about him more than necessary by pretending that the situation is more confusing than it is. After his long oxymoron-filled speech he asked Benvolio ‘Dost thou not laugh’, wanting Benvolio to worry about him and to give him attention. As in true courtly love fashion, Romeo is enamored with Rosaline and will do anything to see her. Benvolio, a true friend, tries to make Romeo see sense that there are ‘other beauties’ in the world and Romeo should ‘examine’ them and forget about Rosaline. However, Romeo won’t hear of it and attempts to convince Benvolio that he ‘canst not teach’ Romeo ‘to forget’ how beautiful Rosaline is and how much he loves her. Although Romeo’s courtly interests are mostly kept to the first few scenes of the play, the Friar does bring it up later on, saying that ‘thy love did read by rote, that could not spell’. The Friar is explaining to Romeo that Romeo knew the way that people were supposed to act when they were madly in love and he was simply pretending to be in love when he wasn’t, which is what courtly love is. Another type of love showcased in this play is Romantic love, and ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is one of the most famous romantic plays ever written. In the play, I think that Shakespeare presents the love between Romeo and Juliet as very artificial. He shows it through their first meeting, Juliet’s inexperience, Romeo’s attitude and the attitude of Romeo’s friends. Romeo and Juliet’s conversation forms a sonnet when they first meet. This is the first conversation they have and before he even hears her speak, he refers to her as a ‘shrine’, invoking the deepest religious love for her. Romeo is flattering her to get her to fall for him. Before he even knows who she is, he asks to ‘smooth that rough touch’ that is his ‘unworthiest hand’ with a kiss. She immediately counters that by telling him ‘you do wrong your hand too much’. She’s trying to tell him that there is nothing wrong with his hand, and he doesn’t need to kiss her. Finally he asks outright for her to ‘let lips do what hands do’, showing he’s rather desperate to get to kiss her. Juliet says in return that she isn’t going to move and that he can kiss her, but that she won’t kiss him. Their conversation does form a sonnet, but Juliet is just playing along with Romeo because he’s the one that initiated the conversation in rhyme and she’s simply joining in. She is attracted to him, but she’s not just going to give in to his desperation. He has to work for the right to kiss her. After the kiss, Juliet is understandably very taken aback, considering she is quite inexperienced and this is her first kiss. She tells him that ‘you kiss by th’ book’, showing that Juliet only knows what love is like in books and fairytales and she’s comparing her feelings about Romeo to that. It is arguable that this is not real romance. I think that the best evidence for the idea that the romantic love displayed in this play is artificial is the attitude of Romeo. When we first meet him he is obviously enamoured with Rosaline, but sees this beautiful girl that removes any thought of Rosaline from his mind. This is superficial because he doesn’t know anything about Juliet, he doesn’t even know her name and yet he’s certain that he loves her, saying ‘did my heart love till now’, when just moments before he had been professing his undying devotion to someone completely different. When Romeo attempts to talk Friar Lawrence into marrying him to Juliet, Friar Lawrence remains unconvinced, saying that ‘these woes were all for Rosaline’. Romeo insists, illogically, that his love for Juliet is real because she loves him back and Rosaline ‘did not so’. He says that even though he was going on and on about her, she’s old news and he no longer loves her because he’s found someone better. I don’t think He really loves Juliet because her prettiness is the only reason he ever spoke to her and it is reasonable to believe that if he sees someone prettier he might forget all about her. Even Romeo’s friends know that he’s being pathetic. Mercutio actually makes fun of him for spewing out all the rhyming poems which really don’t have any semblance towards true love by saying ‘speak but one rhyme and I am satisfied’. Mercutio is certain that this will all be over soon. Before the party Mercutio tries to cheer Romeo up with his big ‘Queen Mab’ speech, showing that he wants Romeo to be happy. We trust Mercutio because he is a very likeable character. Benvolio, who has been primarily concerned with Romeo’s wellbeing throughout the play so far, is certain Romeo will move on and ‘examine other beauties’. We trust Benvolio’s opinion because he shows the most direct concern about Romeo and even he seems to think that this is all a phase. Before Balthasar brings Romeo news of Juliet’s death, Romeo is very happy because he has had a dream about Juliet which is the ‘flattering truth of sleep’. This is very similar to his dream in an earlier scene about Rosaline, which was about ‘things true’, being how much he loves Rosaline. Referring to both Rosaline and Juliet by using the word ‘true’ makes it plausible that he is just being as over-dramatically ecstatic about a dream about Juliet as he was depressed over a dream about Rosaline before the party in which he saw Juliet. I think that this makes us doubt his sincerity because he is using the same story about a dream for both girls. When Romeo finds out about Juliet’s supposed death, he doesn’t even stop to think, which proves that he doesn’t consider the possibilities of his actions. He immediately goes to buy ‘a dram of poison’ so he ‘may fall dead’ by Juliet’s side. In my opinion, for a girl that he hasn’t even spent a full day with, this seems like a very rash decision. Juliet, waking up and finding Romeo dead beside her also kills herself with a dagger after trying to take the poison off his lips so she will ‘die with a restorative’ but when that proves to be a failure, stabs herself with Romeo’s dagger. She is allowed a little more leeway, being very young and traumatised at finding her new husband dead on top of her and is likely to be very dramatic. They barely know each other and yet they kill themselves over the premise of ‘true love’. I think that the real tragedy in this play is not that true lovers are forced to kill themselves to be together but that two young and healthy people with long lives ahead of them kill themselves over miscommunication and feelings that ultimately end up to be an over exaggeration of two hormonal teenagers! Parental love, whilst a minor aspect of love in this play, is still very present. Neither Juliet nor Romeo have very close relationships with their parents and seek out parental advice in the forms of Nurse and Friar Lawrence. Romeo does get along with his parents and they do love him. When you first meet the Montagues after a large street fight, his mother expresses her relief that Romeo ‘was not at this fray’, showing that she is concerned about his physical wellbeing. His father is obviously concerned about Romeo’s mental state at the fact that Romeo is currently wandering around by himself ‘many a morning’ and stays ‘private in his chamber’ during the day, cutting himself off from everyone else. After the deaths of Romeo and Juliet, when the Capulets and Montagues have realised what happened, we find out that Montague’s ‘wife is dead tonight’ because the ‘grief of’ her ‘son’s exile hath stopped her breath’. This makes it obvious that the Montagues really do love their son, but don’t have a strong connection with him because he never talked to them about what was troubling him. Even though Romeo and his parents are emotionally close to each other, they do not communicate with each other well and to show this Shakespeare does not put one scene in this play in which Romeo directly interacts with his parents. This shows that while they are family, they don’t really rely on each other to help out. Instead of questioning Romeo about his actions himself, his parents send Benvolio, Romeo’s friend and cousin, which shows that Romeo is more likely to confide in Benvolio than in his own parents. Romeo, instead of going to his parents for advice, goes to Friar Lawrence for parental help. The Friar knows what’s going on in Romeo’s life more than the parents do. It is normally a parent’s job to chide their children but Romeo says to Friar that ‘thou chid’st me oft for loving Rosaline’ which means that the Friar has taken on the responsibility of telling Romeo off about Rosaline, whom Romeo has not even told his parents about. Juliet’s predicament with her parents is similar as they also love her very much. When Paris, a suitable young man, requests Juliet’s hand in marriage, Lord Capulet thinks Juliet ‘is yet a stranger in this world’ and tells Paris to come back in ‘two more summers’. That Lord Capulet doesn’t want to marry her off so young even to such a suitable person shows that he really cares for Juliet’s well-being. When Juliet is mourning the banishment of Romeo, Lord Capulet decides to throw her a party to take her mind of what he thinks is an over-reaction of Tybalt’s death. He agrees to make ‘a desperate tender’ and allow her to marry Paris, hoping that this will cheer her up. He does this because he had Juliet’s best interests at heart and just wanted to please her and make her happy again, by giving her a large party and lots of attention. After Juliet is found supposedly dead, Lady Capulet gets very upset, saying that if Juliet does not ‘look up’ than Lady Capulet ‘will die with thee’. Both the Capulets genuinely love their daughter, calling her their ‘only life’ when she is found dead. Like Romeo, Juliet’s parents don’t communicate with her well. They don’t understand her emotions and don’t know how to speak to her effectively. When Lady Capulet wishes to speak privately with Juliet she asks Nurse to leave but the minute she is left alone with Juliet she calls Nurse ‘back again’. Since Lady Capulet didn’t raise Juliet and Nurse did, Lady Capulet would feel more comfortable if Nurse is in the room because she is unsure of how to talk to her own daughter. When Juliet is distraught after Romeo’s banishment, they assume she is upset over Tybalt’s death because ‘she loved her kinsman Tybalt dearly’. Instead of asking her what is wrong, they automatically think that she is upset over Tybalt, which shows miscommunication. Like Romeo has the Friar, Juliet has Nurse whom she trusts with her personal life. Nurse is the only one Juliet tells about Romeo, and ‘did send the Nurse’ to get information out of Romeo about the wedding. She trusted her Nurse with this part of her life that she didn’t tell her parents about. Friendly love in this play is possibly the only love that is not somewhat superficial and fake. Primarily, we see friendly love being expressed amongst Romeo and his friends. Benvolio is the most open about how much he cares for Romeo’s well-being. He expresses his concern to Romeo directly, wondering ‘what sadness lengthens Romeo’s hours’. Even though Benvolio is certain that he would sooner ‘die in debt’ than Romeo not forget his love for Rosaline, he is troubled that Romeo is upset in the moment. When Romeo is missing after the party Benvolio goes searching for him accompanied by Mercutio and is anxious that Mercutio ‘wilt anger him’ by insulting Romeo about Rosaline, even though Benvolio agrees ith him and Romeo arguably deserves it. This shows that Benvolio really does care about Romeo and doesn’t wish for him to be upset over anything. Mercutio shows his concern for Romeo in a different way, although he still makes it obvious that he cares. When Romeo is depressed with ‘a soul of lead’ before the party, Mercutio wants to cheer him up. When Romeo insists that he ‘dreamt a dream’, Mercutio picks up on that straight away and begins to make fun of Romeo in a jovial way, saying ‘and so did I’. Romeo asks what Meructio’s dream was, giving Mercutio the perfect opening for his ‘Queen Mab’ speech, which is a jokey speech about a fairy queen so he can lighten Romeo’s mood and also point out that ‘dreamers often lie’. At the end Romeo tries to insist that Mercutio ‘talk’st of nothing’, to which Mercutio replies ‘true, I talk of dreams’, which is another way of telling Romeo to lighten up and enjoy the party without focusing on his dreams. This shows Mercutio cares because he just wants Romeo to have a good time and move on with his life without focusing on the past. When Tybalt is calling Romeo ‘a villain’ and Romeo is not standing up for himself, Mercutio gets very angry on Romeo’s behalf and gets into a fight with Tybalt that kills him. Even though Mercutio was in a rather restless mood that day because of the weather, I find it hard to believe that he would fight Tybalt without a reason. It is plausible that he was just using Romeo as an excuse but the fact that Mercutio is so concerned about Romeo’s honour that he will fight for him, makes Mercutio a true friend. Even though Balthasar is Romeo’s servant, he does have his moments of showing true friendship and concern for Romeo. Balthasar is the only person Romeo trusts other than Friar to tell about Juliet and Balthasar keeps Romeo updated about the goings and comings of Verona and of Juliet. Immediately after Juliet’s funeral Balthasar ‘took post to tell it’ to Romeo. Even though Romeo told Balthasar to leave once they got to Juliet’s crypt or he would ‘tear thee joint by joint’, Balthasar stayed behind because he doubted Romeo’s ‘intents’ and feared the way he looked. This shows true friendship because even faced with the possibility of getting killed by his master, Balthasar remains behind to keep an eye on him. Even Romeo has his moments of being a genuine friend towards his boys, as shown after Mercutio has been fighting with Tybalt. At first along with everyone else he assumes Mercutio is just putting on a show for the audience, sure that ‘the hurt cannot be much’. His certainty that Mercutio will be fine shows his closeness to Mercutio because he refuses to consider the possibility that Mercutio might die. After finding out that ‘brave Mercutio is dead’, Romeo is absolutely furious and all thoughts of ‘sweet Juliet’ leave his head and all he wants is for ‘fire-eyed fury’ to lead him to kill Tybalt for ‘Mercutio’s soul’. This is once again showing that his grief over Mercutio overwhelms his love for Juliet. Knowing the possible consequences Romeo refuses to let Tybalt ‘go in triumph’ and kills him because Tybalt killed one of Romeo’s closest friends. In conclusion, Shakespeare presents the theme of love in ‘Romeo and Juliet’ as mostly artificial. Romantic love, which is the love most people arguably expect to read about in this play, is very artificial, creating the true tragedy of the play of two people dying for no concrete reason. Sexual love and courtly love are both put on for show. Sexual love is used as comic relief and is not taken seriously and courtly love is only a way of showcasing that romantic love really is artificial. Parental love is real but is strained with no communication so the only genuine form of love expressed successfully in this play is friendly love.

Hamlet Is The Longest Of Shakespeare s Plays Written...

Hamlet is the longest of Shakespeare’s plays written during the Elizabethan era in which the title character seeks revenge on his fathers’ death by Claudius. Consisting of 5 Acts, the first act contains 5 scenes. The first scene of Act 1 (the opening scene) illustrates an atmosphere full of fear and ghosts. Bernardo and Francisco both appear to be on edge. When Bernardo asks, â€Å" Who’s there?† Francisco responds, â€Å"Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.† The scene is immediately set and widespread throughout the entire play, a play filled with uneasiness of what is an illusion and what is actually true. When the ghost appears, Marcellus urges Bernardo and Horatio to be quiet, making sure the ghost is really there. In this first scene,†¦show more content†¦The play takes place within the walls of Elsinore Castle, which Hamlet later describes as a prison; this is for the entirety of the play. In scene 2, Claudius is aggressive and it becomes clear that he will be Hamlet’s chief rival. Claudius is quick to show dominance over young Hamlet, and Hamlet appears passive to this. Gertrude, (King Claudius’ wife) and Claudius want Hamlet to forget about his dead father, but Hamlet says his appearance, even in his all black clothing doesn’t reflect the amount of grief he feels. Claudius’ character is very clear in which he is calculating (he uses his words carefully.) He refers to Gertrude as ‘our sometime sister, now our Queen, the imperial jointress to this warlike state’, even though Gertrude was the wife of Hamlets father and Claudius’ very own brother. He addresses Hamlet and calls him ‘cousin Hamlet and my son’. Claudius is well aware of his decisions, his descriptive names for his family prove so, and he is also aware of what others may think of him and his actions. He accuses Hamlet of ‘impious stubbornne ss’ suggests that Hamlet is not good enough to be a King. This is a way of Claudius to excuse his behavior to take over his dead brother’s throne, a throne that belongs to Hamlet. To reinforce Claudius’ power over Hamlet, he calls him ‘my cousin and my son’. Hamlet views the relationship between his mother Gertrude and uncle

To What Extent are the Stock Markets Overvalued - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2794 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction Stock markets are considered to be among the most preferred investment platforms by investors, as they generate a high return on investment (Fong, 2014). There are many underlying reasons for this high return, one of which may be the valuation of the financial commodities traded in the stock market (Chang, 2005). Some financial analysts believe that the stock markets are extremely overvalued (Phoenix, 2014), while there are others who consider them as being slightly overvalued (Rosenberg, 2010). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "To What Extent are the Stock Markets Overvalued?" essay for you Create order Another school of thought has a viewpoint that they are fairly valued (Wolf, 2008); while, some hold the opinion that they are undervalued (Pan, 2009). Due to these differences in viewpoints, it becomes difficult to gauge the extent to which stock markets are overvalued. The reasons for these differences in opinions are the different geographical locations (Tan, Gan and Li, 2010) and the different assumptions made in comparisons (Cheng and Li, 2015). The difference in the methods used for valuation also turns out to be one of the reasons, as every method has its merits and demerits (Khan, 2002). Stock market overvaluation may have severe negative effects including a market crash or increasing organisations agency costs, which need to be considered by managers in organization-wide strategic management (Jensen, 2005). Methods used for Stock Valuation Various methods are used for stock valuation; some of the common ones include Price to Earnings ratio (Stowe et al., 2008), Knowledge Capital Earnings (Ujwary-Gil, 2014) and Dividend Discount Model (Adiya, 2010). The price to earnings ratio is the most common method used to evaluate stock markets, whereby the companys current stock price is compared with the predicted earnings it will yield in future (Stowe et al., 2008). Knowledge Capital Earnings KCE is another method through which a companys intellectual capital can be gauged and interpretation of the extent to which it is overvalued can be given (Ujwary-Gil, 2014). The KCE method, however, is specifically subjective if the analyst is interested in estimating the potential future earnings of an organization (Ujwary-Gil, 2014). The Dividend Discount Model is based on the assumption that the price of a stock at equilibrium will be equal to the sum of all its upcoming dividend yields discounted back to its current value (Ivanov ski, Ivanovska and Narasanov, 2015). One of the shortcomings of this model is with the companys growth estimation, in which the averaged historical rates do not provide an accurate picture, as they ignore the ongoing economic conditions and the changes that take place in the company (Ivanovski, Ivanovska and Narasanov, 2015). Another issue identified by Mishkin, Matthews and Giuliodori (2013) is related to the accuracy of dividends forecasted based on the companys past performance and the predicted future trends of the market; critics cast doubts on the accuracy of these figures, as they are purely based on estimation of analysts and may not be always correct. Stock Markets are Extremely Overvalued Hussman (2014), who is well-known for his accurate insights about the financial markets, comments in one of his speeches that due to their Zero Interest Rate and Quantitative Easing policies, the central banks have driven the stock prices up to twice as high as they are supposed to be. This imparts the stock markets to be overvalued by 100%. While different authors argue that every evaluation metric has its merits and demerits, which makes it difficult to conclude whether stock markets are overvalued when calculated via a specific metric, a Phoenix (2014) report provides evidence of the fact that stock markets are overvalued by almost every metric used for valuation. According to Autore, Boulton and Alves (2015), short interest rates are also a determinant of stock valuation; the lower the short interest rate of the initial stock, the more overvalued the stock will be. An example could be that of the U.S. stock market which is analysed to be overvalued by 55% (Lombardi, 2014), w hile it is estimated to be overvalued by 80% according to another research (Heyes, 2015). Lombardi (2014) identifies it to be overvalued to such an extent due to the increasing presence of bullish stock advisors as compared to bearish advisors, which results in the investors being complacent without being anxious about a huge market sell-off. By evaluating the market through various methods, Tenebrarum (2015) established an opinion that the U.S. stock market is valued at its highest peak to date. Additionally, Lombardi (2014) recognises these indicators to be similar to those before the stock market crash in 2007. Hence it may lead us to a prediction that history might repeat itself, as specialists have already expected the forthcoming crash (Heyes, 2015). Reasons behind Extreme Overvaluation Moenning (2014) explains one of the reasons behind stock overvaluation to be investors inclination to fall in the trap of investing based on stock valuation, instead of business cycles. He further elaborates that due to the investors inclination towards highly valued stocks, companies raise their stock prices to make their stock seem attractive to be preferred by investors over that of other companies. Qian (2014) identifies a solution to this that if investors are discouraged from merely considering stock valuation while looking for investment options, companies will not have an incentive to undertake systematic mispricing of their stocks, which results in overvaluation. Another reason behind overvaluation of stock market has been suggested by Autore, Boulton and Alves (2015); according to whom the stocks are overvalued to a great extent due to the higher levels of failure to deliver. Three major exchanges report a huge number of failures to deliver in their daily listings appr oximately equal to 10,000 shares or 0.5% of the overall outstanding shares, which further explains the reason behind extreme overvaluation of stock markets (Autore, Boulton and Alves, 2015). Stock Markets are Slightly Overvalued Some analysts estimate the stock markets to be slightly overvalued as compared to what their value should be. Rosenberg (2010) further strengthens this point in his research which revealed that stock markets are overvalued by 35%. A Newstex (2010) report provides little evidence about the market being overvalued by 26%. Specialists from this school of thought believe that stock overvaluation may only result in a temporary disruption in the market, which may be resolved by cautiously reducing the stock prices. Stock Markets are Fairly Valued The ideal situation is the one when stock markets are appropriately valued, which Wolf (2008) identifies as an opportunity. He says that fairly priced stock markets are favoured by the investors and risk-seeking governments, as it is the situation with lesser uncertainty. With an overall market yield of 4%, Paler (2012) recognised the stock markets to be fairly valued, regarding them as a suitable investment platform. For example, Newstex (2015) reported Amazons stock price to be fairly valued at $295 per share as opposed to $380. This is because financial analysts believe that factors such as the potential decline in the annual revenue growth, reduction in operating profit margins due to increasing technology, marketing and other costs, and increased investment in growth strategies, such as international expansion, need to be accounted for when valuing stocks. It can thus be understood that overvalued stocks pose to be a threat for the financial markets because investors lose conf idence, which results in a drop in revenue growth (Akbulut, 2013). The slightly overvalued stock markets may find their easy escape if the decline in the Central Bank rates results in a decrease in the wider interest rate spectrum (Saler, 1998). Stock Markets are undervalued Pan (2009) supports the claim that stock markets are undervalued, along with which he gives the example of the Asian stock market, which is approximately 30% undervalued. One of the reasons he identified for it was the political instability. Another example is provided by Pawsey (2009), whereby he analysed that most of the UK stock market remains undervalued and it has not been so in decades. The reason he identified was that the stocks are undersold as compared to the sales estimation. On one hand, the U.S. stock market is viewed as being extremely overvalued, while on the other, the U.K. stock market is severely undervalued. It can thus be seen that the geographical location plays a great role in the differences of opinion about overvaluation and undervaluation of the stock markets (Tan, Gan and Li, 2010). There are some specific markets which are consistently undervalued for certain periods of time. An example could be the Russian stock market; Putin (2008) found Russian comp anies to be severely undervalued. Caldwells (2015) analysis also depicted that Russian stock market is among the three most undervalued markets globally. The analysis also included predictions that the Russian stocks might go down further, therefore investors need to beware before investing in such markets. Reasons behind Stock Undervaluation One of the reasons behind undervaluation of stock markets is the investors inclination towards highly valued stocks. Although some companies set their stocks at a lower price to make them seem cheaper and more attractive for the investors to buy, they find the investors doing the opposite, i.e. opting for highly valued stocks in anticipation of higher returns (Warner, 2010). Reasons for Different Viewpoints Different Assumptions and Valuation Methodology The different viewpoints mentioned about stock valuation are based on the different assumptions (Cheng and Li, 2015) and different methods used for valuation (Khan, 2002). It also follows that these different methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, which if accounted for, may result in a different perspective. For example, price to earnings ratio is considered to be a worthless tool by some analysts because of its overoptimistic estimates (Tenebrarum, 2015). Taboga (2011) identifies another issue with this ratio, that it is mostly influenced by the fluctuations in earnings due to the business cycle oscillations. Hence he assumes that relying merely on this method may not provide a true picture of the extent to which stock market is overvalued. Implications of Overvaluation Hunter, Kaufman and Pomerleano (2005) explain that extreme overvaluation of the stock market should be taken into consideration and a solution should be devised for it, otherwise there would be higher probability of a crash. Liao (2014) also found a positive relationship between highly overvalued markets and possibility of a crash. He also found a negative relationship between extreme overvaluation and future share price jumps. Jensens (2005) study revealed that the overvaluation of a companys stock gives rise to certain organisational forces which become difficult for the management to handle, damaging the organisations core value either partially or entirely. On one hand, overvalued stock markets pose threats to the financial markets, while on the other, they help in boosting up the aggregate demand and supply, such that this positive effect may potentially be able to subside the negative effect (Cecchetti et al., 2000). Jones and Netter (2012) believe that mispriced stocks pr ove to be a source of encouragement for investors to trade, as a result of which they are reverted back to their reasonable prices. Conclusion The valuation of stock markets has long been an area of concern for financial institutions and analysts. The differences in valuation and the opinions regarding valuation occur because of the differences in the methods used for calculations and making estimates. Each method has its pros and cons and research suggests that one method alone cannot provide a true picture of the degree to which stock markets are overvalued or undervalued. There is evidence about stock markets being extremely overvalued, and there is also an equal amount of research suggesting they are fairly valued and/or undervalued. Considering the differences in methods used and the variation in geographical locations where these researches are conducted, it is difficult to hold a strong opinion about the extent to which stock markets are overvalued or undervalued, because critics against each school of thought have logical reasoning proving the limitations of the valuation method used by the other analysts. It is t herefore necessary for the analysts to use a combination of two or methods for stock valuation, so that the doubts of the critics may be reduced, ensuring transparency in the financial data analysis. References Adiya, B. (2010). Discuss the Main Theories Underlying the Valuation of the Stock. Critically Assess the Role of Fundamental and Technical Analysis in Stock Market Valuation. EC 247 Term Paper, University of Essex. Akbulut, M.E. (2013). Do Overvaluation-driven Stock Acquisitions Really Benefit Acquirer Shareholders? Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 1025-1055. Autore, D.M., Boulton, T.J., and Alves, M.V. (2015). Failure to Deliver, Short Sale Constraints, and Stock Overvaluation. Financial Review, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 143-172. Caldwell, K. (2015). Revealed: The Worlds Cheapest Stock Markets 2015. The Telegraph. 6th June. [Online] Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/investing/11654508/Revealed-The-worlds-cheapest-stock-markets-2015.html Cecchetti, S.G., Genberg, H., Lipsky, J., Wadhwani, S. (2000). Asset Prices and Central Bank Policy. Geneva: International Center for Monetary and Banking Studies. Chang, J. (2005). Shares Feature Attractive Valuations. Chemical Market Reporter, Vol. 268, No. 18, pp. 15. Cheng, S., and Li, Z. (2015). The Chinese Stock Market Volume II: Evaluation and Prospects. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Fong, W.M. (2014). The Lottery Mindset: Investors, Gambling and the Stock Market. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Heyes, J.D. (2015). Stock Market is 50% to 80% Overvalued; Experts Warn Historical Crash now Imminent. Natural News. 17th September. [Online] Available at: https://www.naturalnews.com/051202_economic_predictions_stock_market_crash_James_Dale_Davidson.html Hunter, W.C., Kaufman, G.G., and Pomerleano, M. (2005). Asset Price Bubbles: The Implications for Monetary, Regulatory and International Policies. London: MIT Press Hussman, J. (2014). John Hussman: The Stock Market is overvalued by 100%. Phils Stock World. Newstex. Retrieved from ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/1621993284/fulltext?accountid=15977 Ivanovski, Z., Ivanovska, N., and Narasanov, Z. (2015). Application of Dividend Discount Model Valuation at Macedonian Stock-Exchange. UTMS Journal of Economics, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 147-154. Jensen, M.C. (2005). Agency Costs of Overvalued Equity. Financial Management, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 5-19. Jones, S.L., and Netter, J.M. (2012). Efficient Capital Markets. [Online] Available at: https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/EfficientCapitalMarkets.html Khan, A. (2002). 501 Stock Market Tips and Guidelines. USA: Writers Club Press. Liao, Q. (2014). Overvaluation and Stock Price Crashes: The Effects of Earnings Management. PhD Dissertation, University of Texas. Lombardi, M. (2014). EconMatters: U.S. Stock Market Overvalued by 55%? Newstex Global Business Blogs. Newstex. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/1641263053?pq-origsite=summon Mishkin, F.S., Matthews, K., and Giuliodori, M. (2013). The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets. European Edition. Barcelona: Pearson Education Limited. Moenning, D. (2014). EconMatters: How Much are Stocks Overvalued? Newstex Global Business Blogs. Newstex. Retrieved from ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/1639491656?pq-origsite=summon Newstex (2010). Is the Stock Market 26% Overvalued? Phils Stock World. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/189661843?pq-origsite=summon Paler, N. (2012). Fidelitys Roberts: Equity Markets Fair to Slightly Overvalued but better than Cash. Investment Week. 26th March. pp. 28. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/963553204?pq-origsite=summon Pan, A. (2009). Asian Stock Markets Seen almost 30% Undervalued. Asiamoney. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/206616845?pq-origsite=summon Pawsey, D. (2009). UK Stocks are Significantly Undervalued. Financial Advisor. Retrieved from ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/195110261?pq-origsite=summon Phoenix Capital Research (2014). Stocks Are Severely Overvalued By Almost Every Predictive Metric. Phils Stock World. Newstex. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/1546016887?pq-origsite=summon Putin (2008). Putin Says Russian Stock Market Undervalued. Daily News Bulletin. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/456062919?pq-origsite=summon Qian, X. (2014). Small Investor Sentiment, Differences of Opinion and Stock Overvaluation. Journal of Financial Markets, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 219-246. Rosenberg, D. (2010). Rosenberg: Stocks 35% Overvalued. Phils Stock World. Newstex. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/189666557?pq-origsite=summon Saler, T. (1998). Fed could Rescue Slightly Overvalued Large-cap Stocks. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/260844752?pq-origsite=summon Stowe, J.D., Robinson, T.R., Pinto, J.E., McLeavey, T.W. (2008). Equity Asset Valuation Workbook. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Taboga, M. (2011). Under/Over-Valuation of the Stock Market and Cyclically Adjusted Earnings. International Finance, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 135-164. Tan, Z.H., Gan, C., and Li, Z. (2010). An Empirical Analysis of the Chinese Stock Market: Overvalued/Undervalued. International Journal of Applied Economics Econometrics, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 44-74. Tenebrarum, P. (2015). EconMatters: The U.S. Stock Market is at its Most Overvalued in History. Newstex Global Business Blogs. Newstex. Retrieved from: ProQuest. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/1656537926?pq-origsite=summon Ujwary-Gil, A. (2014). Knowledge Capital Earnings of a Company Listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange. European Conference on Knowledge Management. Kidmore: Academic Conferences International Limited. Warner, J. (2010). Why Stock Markets are still Undervalued? The Daily Telegraph. 19th January, pp. 4. [Online] Available at: https://search.proquest.com.gcu.idm.oclc.org/docview/321739234?pq-origsite=summon Wolf, M. (2008). Why Fairly Valued Stock Markets are an Opportunity? Financial Times. 26th November, pp. 13.

The Porter s Five Forces - 1162 Words

The Porter’s five forces is a competitive position analysis and business strategy format created by Michael Porter in 1979. The premise behind the format is to provide them with five forces that shape every industry. Mr. Porter s theory is that if a company analyzed the information received from reviewing the five forces, the company would be able to compete in a higher fashion against its competitions. Following the five forces would allow a firm to determine the type of market or industry it is operating in. Each of the five works as an individual factor in the microenvironment, but one force could not exist without the out force in a stable economy. The five forces are Supplier Power, Buyer Power, Threat of substitutes, the threat of new entrant and Competitive Rivalry. Three forces affected the market horizontally while two affected, it vertically from each side. A review of the movie rental market from the Porter’s five forces. Competition Rivalry is at the center of the Diagram. This force receives pressure from all of the remaining forces. The pressure from those forces defines the way a competitor will be able to compete inside of an industry. A highly competitive market may prohibit additional competitors from entering the marketplace. Lower competitors are willing to lower prices cause a price war and maintain a low price that would slash or narrow a perspective competitor from entering the marketplace. Current industry leaders are already having market shareShow MoreRelatedPorter s Five Force Analysis1465 Words   |  6 PagesMichael Porter s five force analysis of Starbucks coffee shows the intensity of the five strengths of the firm, and the bases of these powers. Starbucks coffee s prosperity shows its viability in tending to these outside elements in its industrial surroundings. However, this five forces investigation highlights current industry conditions that force present and developing conce rns significant to Starbucks Coffee s business. Following are the five forces of Michael Porter s model. These five forcesRead MorePorter s Five Forces Theory Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pagesthe industry. One of the most common theory to analyzing forces of competition in an industry is Porter’s Five Forces theory. These five forces are consist of the threat of new entrants, the power of suppliers, the power of buyers, the threat of substitute, and rivalry among existing competitors (Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, 2010, p.24-41). Moreover, those five forces divided into two focus concern. The first on is forces that focusing on competition, which consists of industryRead MorePorter s Five Forces Framework992 Words   |  4 Pages5 forces analysis Porter s Five Forces Framework is a tool for analyzing competition of a business of an industry in terms of its profitability. The most unattractive industry would be one approaching pure competition, in which available profits for all firms are driven to normal profit levels. The five-forces perspective is associated with its originator, Michael E. Porter of Harvard University. This framework was first published in Harvard Business Review in 1979. Each industry generates profitsRead MorePorter s Five Forces Analysis926 Words   |  4 Pagesapplied to factors driving profitability of an industry was Porter’s Five Forces Model. As the name implies, the level of competitive intensity within an industry from five specific sources determines attractiveness of an industry to potential entrants. Porter developed Five Forces Analysis in response to SWOT analysis, a model he found too vague. Porter s Five Forces include three forces from horizontal competition and two forces from vertical competition: horizontally, the threat of substituteRead MoreThe Porter s Five Forces Model1281 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The Porter s Five Forces model, which was named after Michael E. Porter, identifies and analyzes five competitive forces that shape every industry, and helps determine an industry s weaknesses and strengths. These forces are: †¢ Competition in the industry; †¢ Potential of new entrants into the industry; †¢ Power of suppliers; †¢ Power of customers; †¢ Threat of substitute products. It is commonly used to identify an industry s structure to determine corporate strategy. Porter s model canRead MorePorter s Five Forces Model1539 Words   |  7 PagesPorter s Five Forces Model Introduction The cosmetic industry is influenced by a wide range of factors that affect market growth and profits for businesses. The cosmetic industry has continued to record a substantial strong growth over the years and developed as one of the industries holding the highest potential for further development and growth. The market characteristics can reduce or increase the chances of success for new market entrants (Porter, 2008). Using Porter’s five forces model, businessesRead MorePorter s Five Forces Framework2657 Words   |  11 Pages Porter’s Five Forces Framework EnQuest PLC, Oil and Gas Industry Cristina Cebotari BA (Hons) Business Studies with Finance â€Æ' Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 1. ABOUT THE MODEL 3 1.1 ADVANTAGES 3 1.2 DISADVANTAGES 4 2. APPLYING PORTER’S FIVE FORCES TO ENQUEST PLC 5 2.1 COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 5 2.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 7 2.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 8 2.4 THREAT OF ENTRY 9 2.5 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 9 CONCLUSION 10 APPENDIX 11 REFERENCES 13 â€Æ' IntroductionRead MorePorter s Theory Of Porters Five Forces1482 Words   |  6 PagesFive Forces Introduction Michael Porter developed a highly useful tool for managers called Porters Five Forces (Rothaermel, 2015). The main focus of Porters Five Forces is to help managers understand their firm’s position and how to help them find a competitive advantage (Rothaermel, 2015). The Five Forces consist of, threat of entry, power of suppliers, power of buyers, threat of substitutes, and rivalry among existing firms. I am going to break down Porters Five Forces on my upcomingRead MorePorter s Five Forces Model Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesPorter s Five Forces model (PFF) is a powerful instrument that can be utilized by companies to investigate its situation and identify its industry s competitors. Analyzing industry will help any business in determining the competitive strength and weaknesses. By using PFF model, investors can gain valuable information regarding what the actual factors that affect the organization s profitability (Evans Neu 2008). This paper will analyze the Cola Wars case study based on the PFF model, and theRead MorePorter s Five Forces Model1611 Words   |  7 PagesPorter’s Five Forces In order to further figure out the failure of GM in Korea, we decided to analyse it from industrial perspective. 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Describe How Two Businesses Are Organised Free Essays

Describe how two businesses are organised (P3) I am going to talk about two organisations and how they operate. The organisations I am going to talk about are McDonalds and Chester Zoo. McDonalds is a fast food restaurant and its purpose is to provide the best and fastest customer service so in this way it will give the organisation a good reputation and help them to make more profit. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe How Two Businesses Are Organised or any similar topic only for you Order Now [pic] This shows how stuff work in McDonalds. If there would be a problem with customers for example, then the assistant manager would take care of this but if there would be something more serious then the business manager will have to take care of it because he is the top head of managing. This also shows how the organisation is organized and how everyone is on the top of the chart and also at the bottom. Chester Zoo is a zoo organisation with loads of attractions for children. Its purpose is to keep their customers happy and also help others because Chester Zoo is also a charity and most of its profit goes to charity to help other people. This is one of the organisation charts for Chester Zoo. This organisation chart shows how the herpetology team work at Chester Zoo. For example the herpetology team manager is on top and  everyone below report to him. For example if there was a problem with something to do with the herpetology keepers then they would report it to the herpetology lead keeper who would then report it to the herpetology team manager. Types of organisational structures There are four types of organisational structures which are: †¢ Functional Geographic †¢ Product †¢ Type of customer Functional – Functional structures arrange departments according to what goes on within each department. An example of this structure would be Sandwell College where the lecturers are in their own departments, the receptionists and secretaries would be in the administration department or office and the library and IT staff would be in support services. Geographic – Geographic structures are mos tly about the size of the organisation and where it operates. This could be where there are teams of people operating in different locations like in different towns, cities or countries, so it would be very difficult to organise the business simply by its functions. By product – By-product organisational structures offer a range of products or services and these can dictate its structure. For example a supermarket could be organised into the following functional areas: †¢ Fruit and veg †¢ Cooked  meats †¢ Tinned goods †¢ Clothing †¢ Frozen goods By type of customer – By type of customer organisational structures have both consumers as customers and also have other businesses as customers. This can be referred to as B2C (business to consumer) and B2B (business to business). Hierarchical structure – A hierarchical structure consists of multiple levels. This means that the chain of command would look like a pyramid with a large base of workers who are supervised by the level above them which continues to the top ranking officer such as the CEO or company president. Flat structure – A flat structure has few levels of management between the executive level and the front-line employees. The purpose of a flat structure is to empower employees by making them a larger part of the decision making process in a business. It is designed to make employees more productive. It also allows for more rapid change and problem resolution as the communication occurs more easily between the upper managers and baseline employees. Matrix structure – A matrix structure is a type of management system in which workers report to more than just one person, effectively having two or more supervisors at the same time. For example professionals with different types of expertise are brought together to work on a project. They report to a number of managers of different projects as well as to a functional supervisor. McDonalds and Chester Zoo both have a hierarchical structure because they have multiple levels and they both have a CEO or company president that everyone reports to. Span of control – Span of control is the number of people that one individual is responsible for in an organisation. The wider the span of control is then the greater the number of whom the individual is responsible. A manager who is responsible for too many people may be so overworked that their staff in turn may not be able to perform their duties effectively. Functional Areas – The functional areas are the specialist areas of activity within an organisation. These include: †¢ Finance †¢ Marketing †¢ Production †¢ Customer service †¢ Sales †¢ Human resources Finance The finance department functions include keeping records of financial activity for example the sales made by the business and providing managers with information that they can use in decision making for example cost of making products. For McDonalds the finance department would have to keep track of how many sales they make per day and what kind of meal or burger makes the most money. For Chester Zoo the finance department would have to do the same which is keeping records of how many sales they make per day and how much profit they make. Marketing – The marketing function is responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements. The marketing function have to carry out market research to find out which types of customers make up a particular market for example what they want, where they want it, how they like it and at what price. The marketers will have an important say in deciding: †¢ The products the company produces The prices charged †¢ Promotions designed to encourage the customers †¢ Place where  goods are sold For example at McDonalds the marketers would decide on what type of Mcflurrys they would sell to customers and at Chester Zoo the marketers will decide on what price they will sell their tickets for people to come and visit Chester Zoo Production – The production function organises who makes th e goods and how and when they are made. The production manager of a company is responsible for making sure raw materials are processed into finished goods. At McDonalds the production function will have to make sure that the burgers and chips are made in good quality and at Chester Zoo the production team have to make sure that the food they feed to the animals are just right for them to eat. Customer service – Customer service is concerned with looking after customers at all stages of their relationship with a company. They have to provide customers with details about offers, make sure the customers are listened to and valued and attending to customer complaints, providing after sales service such as servicing of goods, spare parts or information about new products. At Chester Zoo the customer service people will have to deal with complaints and will have to tell people who visit about offers they may not know about. Sales – The sales function is responsible for getting customers to buy what the company produces. The sales department works closely with the marketing department. The main responsibility of the sales department is to create orders for goods and services. For example at McDonalds the sales team will have to try and sell as much food as they can to the customers so they can make a profit. At Chester Zoo they will have to do the same thing by selling Chester Zoo merchandise. Human resources – Human resource managers are responsible for all aspects of people management in an organisation. The type of work covered in the human resource function might include a policy-making role, welfare role, supportive role, bargaining and negotiating role, administrative role and educational and development role. At Chester Zoo the human resources will have to do an educational and development role because when they have new employees they will need to train them. This goes for the same at McDonalds, where they will have to train their employees. How to cite Describe How Two Businesses Are Organised, Papers

How to Forget Someone You Love free essay sample

How do we forget someone that has been a part of our lives for a quite some time? We find it hard at times when we actually want to forget them but still cant because theyve been something to us. Some get depressed, and some get stressed out with the things around them some get drunk and put their selves to trouble Just to forget the hurt that they feel. But where do they end up? Some In the Jail for their stupidity, some are stuck In the past and dont know how to get out and move out of the box that they are in, and some still cant stand up tall and sayVive finally moved Well, here are some effective tips for you Step one: Set aside all the things that can make you remember this person! How do you do It? In a big box, you put everything there. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Forget Someone You Love or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pictures, stuff toys, or whatever this person gave you. After, you can put them away and put In the balcony or somewhere you wont be able to see it for a long period of time. Just be sure you will not go to that place and check everything out. Also, start removing and forgetting all the contact numbers you have connecting to this person.If possible, delete them in your personal accounts too like Backbone, Yahoo! Messenger, MS Live, Keep and all other social sites where you can see his or her updates. Step two: Be strongly Show this person that you can do it without them! Get all the confidence you could before you meet him the second time around after they leave you. Show him/her that its their lost, not yours! Theres going to be a big difference with the way they will treat you. Step three: Get busy! Focus yourself on other things like studies, friends, family and other happy things. Go on a arty with your awesome buddiesHAVE FUN! Drink if its going to ease the pain but remember not to get wasted. Its going to bring back all the pain and let you drag yourself down! Step four: Life must go on! Not Just because this someone special left you, you lose hope with everything. Remember: The most revengeful thing that you can do to the person who left you is to be happy. Put a big smile on your face and tell the world you can do it! Step five: Think of happy thoughts! Never let yourself down with the memories that will melt your heart and cry. Think of the stuffs that cake you happy even if youre all alone.Have yourself a treat at the mall or go on a shopping that will make you happy. Do the things that will make you happy even without accompany of others. NEVER watch romantic movies! Youll Just hurt yourself twice as much as you can remember. Step six: Stand up tall with chin up! Prove the people around you that you survived everything youve been through. When you see this person, walk in front of them with all the confidence you have! If theyll notice you, say Hal or hell for them not to feel that you were very affected with what they id to hurt you. After all that was said here, its still you whos going to decide on what to do. This might help, but everything is still up to you. Its going to be easy and yet, difficult. Just like math, X and Y are there but you still have to calculate it properly to get the answers correctly. Everything worth having is worth waiting. How to Forget Someone You Love By ohyiieeee because theyve been something to us. Some get depressed, and some get stressed to forget the hurt that they feel. But where do they end up?Some in the Jail for their tepidity, some are stuck in the past and dont know how to get out and move out of things that can make you remember this person! How do you do it? In a big box, you can put them away and put in the balcony or somewhere you wont be able to see his or her updates. Step two: Be strong! Show this person that you can do it to be a big difference with the way they will treat you. Step three: Get busy! Focus see this person, walk in front of them with all the confidence you have!

Multiculturalism Essay Example

Multiculturalism Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Multiculturalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Multiculturalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Multiculturalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Multiculturalism Multiculturalism is brought by the existence of multiple cultures in a society. Every culture has different practices, but it is possible to have common practices in different cultures. Multiple cultures are brought by immigration of people. The different cultures are expected to coexist in the same society and live harmoniously. Multiple cultures have both positive and negative effects on the people. It has brought the introduction of homogeneity, where groups of people adopt practices from different cultures. They do not identify themselves with any culture since they have borrowed from many cultures. According to my observation, it is agreeable to say that people are a product of multiple cultures. People of different culture living in the same society have influenced each other in many ways. Global changes have also contributed to changes in cultural practices. The new technologies, as well as policies in different countries, have enabled people’s exposure to different cultures. For example, trade policies enable people from different cultures to interact and exchange knowledge. Traveling makes people visit new places where they learn different cultural practices. I feel I am a product of multiple cultures in different ways. In my learning institution, there are many students from different cultures. They have taught me many things in various aspects. My friends come are from diverse cultures and they have introduced me to many practices in their cultures. It is a brilliant idea to borrow from other cultures because their practices may be a solution to some of my problems. For instance, I have a friend whose culture believes in consuming vegetables. My friend has a lot of knowledge on various types of vegetables, and he assisted me to choose the most nutritious ones. Another friend comes from France and is proficient in French language. He assists me to learn French and soon I will be multilingual. We form study groups and assist each other with course work. I have learnt many effective study habits form my friends. It has even been reflected in my school results. I have improved in the way I understand concepts in class. For example, I learnt that it is essential to ask questions after the teacher is through with the lecture. It does not only help me but also other students to learn more. Being an Arab, I have always believed my religion is the only right one. After interacting with other people from different cultures, I have learnt to accept and respect other religions. I was made to understand that people have the freedom to join any religion. It is unethical to criticize other religious and assume mine is superior. Multiple cultures have influenced me to respect other cultures and practices. I have also noticed some foreign students have converted to different religions because of multiple culture influence. Other people have persuaded them to join those religions, and they have accepted. Multiple cultures enhance cohesion in the community. I have learnt to live with other ethnic groups in harmony. Initially, I had negative perception about some cultural groups. After living in a community with diverse people, I have changed my attitude and towards people. Mainly, I had a problem with other races. Dubai has many immigrants from African, Asian, South American and other countries. I feared they would control the country and overthrow the government. Today, I have come to realize that they are beneficial to the state in many ways. I appreciate their contribution in all the aspects they have helped improve. I have an interest in traveling, and I have visited many places outside Dubai. For instance, I have visited United States of America with my family. During the visit, we stayed with American families who shared many ideas about their cultures. My mother learnt how to cook different meals. I ate new snacks like burgers and pizza. These foods do not belong in cultural Arabian foods. They were introduced by the western culture in Dubai. Today, my mother prepares some of the foods she learnt, and they have become part of my family’s culture. The internet has significantly changed people’s ways of life and beliefs. This is mainly observed in young people because they have fully embraced the new technology. The internet contains all sorts of information about different topics. Social networks are being used as a medium of interacting, and this is an opportunity for people to exchange cultural practices. I belong to several social sites, and I have made friends with people from all over the world. By chatting and other forms of communication, we have learnt ideas from each other. Computer technology has changed by culture of learning and doing research. Initially, I only used physical libraries and books used in class. It was difficult to carry out research because I had to consume a lot of time looking for relevant books. Today, I just use my laptop to search any topic from the internet. It has a broad database of rich information in almost all the topics. I can also access electronic books and save time looking for them physically. The lecturers have an easy time marking essays because there is software to assist them. Apart from positive influence, there has been negative influence. The greatest negative influence is from the media. Many movies have several negative themes. According to Arab religion, people are expected to remain chaste until they are married. Contemporary movies are encouraging young people against these values. I am among some of the students who have acquired a more liberal perception to life. This is a choice that I have to make on my own. Some people from foreign countries came to introduce unacceptable practices in the community. For instance, in Jamaica there is the culture of consuming Cannabis sativa. Immigrants from that country have introduced it to others. There are other hard drugs, which have been introduced into the country because of having multiple cultures. People have made it a business to sell these illegal drugs, and they are making money. The government has a hard time trying to fight these illegal practices. Another notable change is the music I like. Western music has taken over local music and people seem to enjoy it more than local music. I like listening to hip-hop, jazz and classical music among other categories. I only listen to local music occasionally. With all the changes that have happened, I feel I am a product of multiple cultures.